A Validated Framework for Characterising Informal Settlements: Two Cases from Greater Cairo, Egypt

There have been significant research studies on informal settlements within various disciplines including sociology, economy, politics, governance, and urbanism. However, little is known about the complexity dynamism of settlements. The purpose this study to develop a framework for understanding multiplicity factors influencing formation transformation It examines validates intricacies characterising in three ways. First, settlement characteristics their relationships are explored. Second, growth variables examined. Third, qualities urban form those that relate sustainability juxtaposed. Utilising two case from Greater Cairo, qualitative approach adopted critical analysis literature, interviews with experts academics, field observations. Through comprehensive investigation settlements, deductions were made: physical, social, economic influence identified. unique correlations between these established verified by studies. assist establishing logic dynamics can then be applied intervention strategies. In addition, inferred considered as sustainable tailored further analyses cities global south.